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About this document
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- 12 pages
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- Biology, Medicine
This document explains what oncogenes are, how they work, and their role in cancer development. It covers the history of oncogene research and specific viral oncogenes. It is useful for understanding the genetic basis of cancer.
What's inside
- Definition and function of oncogenes
- History of oncogene research
- Viral oncogenes and their functions
- Specific viral oncogenes (E6, E7, E1A, E1B, LT, st, LMP1)
- Role of oncogenes in cancer development
Who it is for: Students studying cancer biology and genetics. (Undergraduate)
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Summary
Oncogenes are abnormal genes that drive cancer development. This document explains how oncogenes work, their history, and how viruses can cause cancer.
What Are Oncogenes
Oncogenes are abnormal genes that keep cells in a state of constant activity. This drives the uncontrolled growth that underlies tumors. They can be turned on by inherited changes or by cancer-promoting agents.
Viral Oncogenes
Viral oncogenes are responsible for cancer resulting from persistent virus infection. Different viruses express different oncogenes, but they often target similar cellular pathways.
History of Oncogenes
The first oncogene was discovered in 1970 in a cancer-causing virus in chickens. It was later shown to be involved in various human cancers. About 20%-25% of human cancers worldwide have a known viral cause.
Cell Culture
Cell culture involves preparing live tissues and separating cells from them. The cells are then incubated in nutrient medium to grow and spread. Monolayer cell cultures are one type of cell culture.
Key terms
- Oncogene
- An abnormal gene that keeps cells in a state of constant activity.
- Proto-oncogene
- A normal gene that can be damaged to become an oncogene.
- Viral oncogenes
- Oncogenes found in viruses that can cause cancer in infected cells.
- Rous sarcoma virus
- A cancer-causing virus in chickens that was the first to have an oncogene identified.
- Monolayer cell culture
- A type of cell culture where cells grow and spread to form a single layer.
- Hepatitis A virus
- A virus that resembles picornaviruses and is difficult to propagate in vitro.
Questions this document helps with
- What causes oncogenes to become active?
- How do viral oncogenes transform infected cells?
- What are the steps in preparing a monolayer cell culture?
Summary written with AI from the document's text.
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